What you need to know about organic …
Introduction
More than three decades of global attention to environmental issues and about two decades of topics on sustainable development are taking place. Prior to these days, all development projects were merely an economic perspective and more income and economic returns. But in the 1970s, this mentality was raised in the thoughts of policymakers and development planners that such a process of economic growth would ultimately lead to environmental degradation, social inequality, and the reduction of resources … and to compensate for these problems in the long run caused great losses. Will be economic.
Organic farming is in the context of sustainable agricultural development and is called a series of operations aimed at reducing the consumption of abnormal inputs, including the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides, synthesized preservatives, chemical drugs, organisms Generated by genetic engineering and wastewater.
Studies show that the global welcome process is one of the most promising organic farming, one of the reasons for which is increasing concern about sources of pollution, food security, humans and animals, and more attention to the values of nature and landscapes. Normal noted
Although in organic fields, yields are usually 10 to 30 percent less than non-organic fields, but if planned, the yield, production and income of organic farms can be higher than non-organic fields. In addition, in developed countries, factors like consumer readiness to buy at a higher price, government subsidies, and the expansion of ecotourism lead to an increase in organic farming earnings. Studies in developed countries have shown that consumers are willing to buy organic products at prices between 10 and 40 percent more than non-organic products. Today, a large number of chain stores offer organic products, and the market for these products is booming and potential demand is more than supply. Growth in demand is expected to continue in the future, and so the shortage of organic products offers the opportunity for developing countries to enter the market and take a share of it.
In addition to the environmental and economic benefits, organic farming also benefits socially and increases job opportunities by relying more on the workforce. Organic farming also restores traditional cuisine and practices, and contributes to the strengthening of social cohesion.
In the Green Revolution strategy, with the goal of providing food, the growing global population (due to rising living standards by improving and improving the delivery of health services and access to food with diversity and quality in developed countries and most of the developing countries Development) relies on short-term goals and maximum performance. In agricultural farming, with the unconventional use of fertilizers and poisons resulting in soil degradation and erosion of soil organisms, the production capacity and fertility of the soil decreased, and the result of this farming method was the decline of product quality.
From a sustainable agricultural perspective, agricultural products are divided into four categories:
1- natural product
2. Organic product
3. Healthy product
4. Certified product
Natural product:
These products are produced and grown in wild, natural and intact areas. Man does not interfere in its production process and merely assembles it.
Organic product:
An organic product based on ecosystem management, the production of water, soil, plant and human health without the use of artificial chemicals is produced. The entire process of production, processing, packaging, maintenance, transportation, working conditions, social conditions, supply and labeling of these products is under the control and monitoring of a system of authentic and authentic organic standards.
healthy product:
The basis for producing this category of products is the non-use of chemical inputs and, if used, the limit is observed and production is carried out in accordance with the relevant standards (G.A.P, incentive standard) and management programs based on certain criteria.
These products have the residual limit of pesticides, pesticides, fertilizers and heavy metals.
Certified product:
The product is tested and case tested (eg nitrate and nitrite, lead, antibiotics, etc.) and only receives a certificate in relation to that particular item.
Common agricultural harms and commercially produced products:
1. In commercial and conventional agriculture, more than 300 dangerous and synthetic chemical compounds, such as pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers, are used to control pests and insects and fertilize the soil, leaving the remains of these materials after entering the body. Can cause many problems, including birth defects, low birth weight, abnormalities in women’s monthly cycles, abortions, early or late puberty, predispositional menopause, changes in sexual behavior, reduced sperm count, Reduced fertility or infertility, changes in metabolic rate, impaired internal organ system, muscle weakness, memory loss, damage to the nervous system and the brain, Reduce immune system and carcinogenesis. Findings indicate that 60% of pesticides, 90% of fungicides and 30% of insecticides are carcinogenic.
2- Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can cause pollution of water, soil and air.
3. Uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides makes pests more resistant to pesticides and new pests appear.
4. Radiation of products means that products are exposed to controlled levels of ionizing radiation, until bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella have been destroyed and in fact disinfect the products in this way.
Control of insects and parasites, increase the shelf-life and prevent germination from other causes of irradiation of food products. But this irritation causes: 1. Loss of a small amount of nutrients. 2. When foods are irradiated, carcinogenic chemicals are called CYCLOBUTANONES.
Genetic engineering or genetic modification of the product is intended to isolate, manipulate and transfer genes. In this method, the desired genes are isolated from one species and transmitted for the purpose. Improving quality, increasing production, creating an optimal trait, and rendering products resistant to pests and environmental stresses from genetic engineering applications. The disadvantages of genetically modified products include birth defects, reduced longevity, increased food allergens (due to changes in the protein chain), nutrient deficiency, antibiotic resistance (antibiotic resistant genes may be bacteria Pathogens transmitted in the body and a new disease resistant to antibiotics).
6. The use of hormones in livestock and poultry accelerates their growth and accelerates their fattening. But it reduces their nutritional value. Antibiotics that can be used to prevent livestock and poultry from becoming sick can cause antibiotic resistance in humans.
The benefits of organic farming:
1. In organic farming, water is not polluted by contaminating chemicals such as artificial fertilizers.
2- Organic Farming maintains ecosystem balance and soil fertility. Soil erosion is reduced by up to 50%.
3. Biodiversity in organic farming is 57% higher.
4. Not placing farmers exposed to pesticides and chemical contaminants.
Benefits of Organic Food Consumption:
1. Have a higher nutritional value. The amount of vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus is higher in organic food.
2. Organic food contains more antioxidants. In organic food, PHENOLIC antioxidants are found more often (50% more than inorganic products). Because artificial pesticides reduce the production of these substances in plants, organic and organic fertilizers used in organic farming increase their production.
3. No toxic substances. Organic products are healthier and not contaminated with pesticide residues. They also have no food additives and are naturally healthier.
4. Delicious and more tasty. One of the reasons is that organic products after harvest have come to the consumer in a shorter period of time, and also in commercially produced products, with processes and manipulations that are performed on them only The appearance, color, durability, increased production and resistance to damage from shipping and storage, and not the quality and nutritional value of it.
5. Manufacturers of organic products comply with strict standards and guidelines that minimize the risk of contamination of these products with toxic and toxic substances.
organic farming
How can farmers and producers of organic products fertilize their products and fight pests, diseases and weeds?
Organic materials help maintain soil texture and structure and increase water holding capacity.
Organic farmers raise soil organic matter using cover plants, compost, soil biologic modifiers, and plant-resistant plants to pests and diseases. The emphasis on organic farming is on the good nutrition of plants to prevent the spread of pests and diseases, using plant cover and planting frequency, the amount of ecological communication in the plant rises. Weed control is carried out using cover plants, weeding, weeding of weeds, using mechanical tools and burning weeds.
Organic farmers rely on the use of insect populations for biological control, soil organisms and birds to control insects.
Ten reasons to go to organic farming
1. Organic products have more standards:
Certificates of organic products are used as insurances not used in the production of these products from toxic chemicals.
2. The taste of organic food is better:
The plants produced are healthier in organic ways and can be used as more delicious foods for human and animal nutrition.
3. Organic products reduce the risk of diseases:
Many environmental protection centers have found that chemicals in pesticides have carcinogens and pathogens. Organic farming is one way to reduce the consumption of chemical pesticides and reduce the entry of these materials into water, land and air.
4. Organic farming respects aquatic resources:
In order to remove contaminating chemicals and dispose of nitrogen in water, water and soil resources should be respected and used properly. In organic farming, these are properly observed.
5. Organic farming creates a healthy soil:
Soil is one of the main sources of food chain and one of the principles of organic farming is the creation of a healthy soil.
6. Organic farming is a model of nature:
Organic farming values for a balanced ecosystem. The living nature also includes the crop rotation in forage products and the use of cover plants and the rest of the natural areas.
7. Organic farmers are leading new research:
Organic producers are leading the research on non-use of pesticides and harmful effects on the environment.
8. Organic producers are working on biodiversity:
The loss of many species (biodiversity) is one of the concerns of environmental scientists. For this reason, many organic farmers seek to preserve wild and native species.
9. Organic Farming helps to maintain the integrity of rural communities:
Organic farming is beneficial for rural communities due to its low levels and leads to higher incomes.
10-Organic food variety
However, some organic foods can be used as alternatives, and non-food non-food (non-food) agricultural products are also becoming organic, such as organic cotton production and, ultimately, organic clothing production.
The study of organic farming status in developed countries and Iran
Organic farming worldwide has been growing rapidly in recent years in most parts of the world, including developing countries, and production, monitoring and certification methods have been continually improved and people in many societies, in particular In developed countries, the benefits of a healthier, higher-quality food have been recognized, farmers in rural communities, especially in developing countries, have benefited from good profits and export value of these products.
In the results of surveys and searches made from Internet resources, there is no accurate information on the production of organic products in Iran, while our country has a very high potential in this regard.
Conclusion:
The development and promotion of organic farming requires the implementation of certain policies and measures. The orientation and direction of government’s agricultural policies towards environmental and social goals will provide a great opportunity for the expansion of organic agriculture. In order to overcome the problems in the field of organic products trading, it is necessary to develop standards for the certification of products. Farmer education is essential for the promotion of organic agriculture as well as the promotion of public awareness, and research centers need to step up their efforts to solve the technical, economic and social problems of this new and reliable way.
